正交试验优选地锦草颗粒成型工艺

为优选地锦草颗粒成型工艺,以可溶性淀粉用量、乙醇浓度、阿司帕坦用量为考察因素,以制粒难易程度、外观、粒度、溶化性、口感及其综合评分为指标,采用L9（34）正交试验优选成型工艺。最佳成型工艺是可溶性淀粉用量为70%,乙醇浓度为75%,阿司帕坦用量为0.50%,测得临界相对湿度为65%。     

Microscopical Study of the Destructuring of Waxy Maize and Smooth Pea Starches by Shear and Heat at Low Hydration

Smooth pea and waxy maize starches were processed under controlled temperature (<160 °C) conditions at low moisture content (30%) using a rheometer with pre-shearing, to simulate extrusion. Specific mechanical energy was measured and remained lower than 10³J/g. Starch modification was analysed at different structural levels by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry, light microscopy and at the granular level by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal inputs induced crystallite melting and internal disorganisation of granular structure, whereas mechanical input (SME>10²J/g) induced granule fragmentation. Under shearing and heating, the concomitant destructuring mechanisms led to a higher rate of modification. Fragmentation itself induced only partial loss of crystallinity (<50%). Small fragments finally melted due to a local temperature increase contributed by interparticular friction. Susceptibility to fragmentation was related to the mechanical properties of starch granules associated with their architecture and botanical origin.     

基于AHP-CRITIC法的正交设计优选贞芪颗粒提取工艺及促生长作用初步研究

（目的）开发一种具有促生长作用的新中兽药贞芪颗粒,优化其提取工艺并对其促生猪生长作用进行初步研究,为其工业化生产提供参考。（方法）以总多糖、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、特女贞苷、红景天苷、干膏得率作为评价指标,采用层次分析法（AHP）、基于指标相关性的权重确定方法（CRITIC）、AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定各评价指标的权重系数,根据其正交试验结果优化贞芪颗粒提取工艺参数。将100头保育猪随机分为5组,通过在日粮中添加不同剂量的颗粒,连续喂养30天,与空白组和阳性对照组对比,计算平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）和料肉比（F: G）。（结果）AHP-CRITIC混合加权法科学优选出最佳提取工艺参数为复方药材加12-13倍质量的水提取3次（第一次13倍）,每次2.5 h。3批验证试验综合评分均值为98.91,RSD为0.79%。经过30天饲喂,高、中、低剂量组和阳性对照组的料重比无显著性差异（P>0.05）,但都显著低于空白对照组（P<0.05）,其中中剂量组的料重比最低。（结论）AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定的权重系数客观、真实,优选出的贞芪颗粒提取工艺经验证,合理、稳定,重复性好,此工艺条件下制备的颗粒对生猪具有促进生长的作用。     

Internal structure and pigment granules in colored alpaca fibers

Alpaca fibers have some distinct properties such as softness and warmth, which have not been fully understood in combination with the fiber internal structures. In the present investigation, the internal structures of alpaca fibers have been closely examined under the scanning electron microscope (SEM), especially in the longitudinal direction. The results showed that numerous pigment granules reside loosely inside pockets in brown and dark-brown alpaca fibers. These pigment granules were mainly distributed inside the cortical cells, the medullation regions as well as underneath the cuticles. Their size in the brown alpaca fibers was smaller and more uniformly round than in the dark-brown fibers. These granules in colored alpaca fibers loosen the bundle of cortical cells, providing many crannies in the fibers which may contribute to the superior flexibility, warmth and softness of the fibers. Moreover, there are no heavy metal elements found in the granules. The mordant hydrogen peroxide bleaching employed could eliminate the pigment granules and create many nano-volumes for further dyeing of fibers into more attractive colors.     

双黄杀毒退烧颗粒对畜禽免疫功能的影响

研究了纯中药复方抗病毒制剂--双黄杀毒退烧颗粒对成年兔、鸡的体液免疫及细胞免疫功能的影响.HI抗体检测、MTT实验、E-玫瑰花环形成试验和酯酶染色试验的结果表明,双黄杀毒退烧颗粒能显著增强家兔的体液免疫作用,明显提高家兔和鸡的细胞免疫功能,对家兔的免疫增强作用优于鸡.     

肝毒净颗粒的质量控制研究

对栀子和黄芩进行薄层色谱鉴别,采用高效液相色谱法测定肝毒净颗粒中绿原酸含量.色谱柱为C18柱,流动相为乙腈-0.4%磷酸水溶液（8∶ 92）,检测波长为324.5 nm.绿原酸在0.161 6～1.292 8 mg范围内,峰面积与其呈良好线性关系（r= 0.999 9）,平均回收率为99.19% （n=6）,RSD=1.26%.本方法可用于控制肝毒净颗粒的质量.     

5%氯氰碘柳胺钠颗粒剂的研制和驱除效果试验

采用添加ＰＶＰ粘合剂制备５％氯氰碘柳钠颗粒剂、方法回收率,线性试验及稳定性试验,该制剂符合质量标准。临床药效试验表明,当以１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重剂量投服,对绵羊肝片吸虫,前后盘吸虫,肺丝虫及体内外大部分消化道线虫有完全的驱杀作用,是羊驱虫的最佳肝片吸虫,前后盘吸虫,肺丝虫及体内外大部分消化道红虫有完全的驱杀作用,是羊驱虫的最佳使用剂量。该制剂为国内兽药首创剂型,具有广谱驱虫效果,且安全,适口性好,易于     

青光安颗粒剂对自发型青光眼小鼠眼压的影响

目的 研究青光安颗粒剂在青光眼中对眼压的影响。方法 选用不同月龄共30只DBA/2J雌性小鼠,根据月龄采用随机数字表法分为3组,每组10只,20眼。分为正常对照组（3月龄）、模型对照组（9月龄）、青光安组（9月龄）。正常对照组与模型对照组每日以相同量蒸馏水灌胃;青光安组每日以青光安灌胃。3组均以常规饲料喂养。利用经前房注入/抽吸系统进行眼压测量,分别以2.5、5 μL/min的速率继续进行灌注,计算房水流畅系数和房水流出阻力。结果 自6月龄开始,小鼠眼压轻微上升,随着月龄的增加而逐步上升,9月龄时显著升高;青光安颗粒剂灌胃后所得眼压较模型组均有不同程度降低（P<0.05）,房水流畅系数均明显增加（P<0.01）,房水流出阻力均降低（P<0.01）。结论 青光安颗粒剂能通过影响房水动力学因素达到降低青光眼眼压的作用。     

山楂叶颗粒剂的制备和质量控制

[目的]研究山楂叶颗粒剂的制备工艺,建立质量控制方法。[方法]将山楂叶用浓度50%乙醇提取,以颗粒休止角和吸湿性为指标,选择最佳处方辅料,并采用薄层色谱法鉴别颗粒中的总黄酮和金丝桃苷,以紫外分光光度法测定总黄酮含量。[结果]最佳处方辅料为:浸膏粉250 g,糖粉125 g,糊精125 g;此时,颗粒的休止角和吸湿性都最小,分别为33°和0.65%;总黄酮和金丝桃苷样品分离良好,薄层色谱斑点清晰;总黄酮标准曲线为:Y=25.455X+0.004 7,R=0.999 9,线性范围为0.016～0.024 mg/ml,平均回收率为100.57%(RSD为0.13%);颗粒的水分、粒度和溶化性均符合中国药典的相关规定,总黄酮平均含量为0.412 g/g(RSD为0.38%)。[结论]山楂叶颗粒剂制备工艺简单可行、合理,质量稳定可控。     

四黄止痢颗粒中几种有效成分的薄层鉴别研究

为建立和完善四黄止痢颗粒的质量标准,本试验采用薄层色谱法对四黄止痢颗粒中的黄连、黄柏、大黄、黄芩、板蓝根进行鉴别,对展开剂、展开温度、展开湿度、薄层板来源、薄层板批号、显色条件等因素进行考察。试验以环己烷－乙酸乙酯－异丙醇－甲醇－水－三乙胺（3∶3.5∶1∶1.5∶0.5∶1）为展开剂,置氨蒸气预饱和的展开缸内展开,置紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视鉴别黄连、黄柏;以乙酸乙酯-丁酮-甲酸-水（5∶3∶1∶1）为展开剂展开,喷以2%三氯化铁乙醇溶液检测黄芩的存在;以正丁醇-冰醋酸-水（19∶5∶5）为展开剂展开,热风吹干后喷以茚三酮试液,在105 ℃加热检视鉴别板蓝根。试验结果表明,在考察条件下,目标物斑点清晰、无拖尾,阴性对照无干扰,方法专属性强,重现性好。